![]() Lack of standardized instruments to measure squalor have prevented researchers from understanding squalor in compulsive hoarding”. Many subjects could not use their refrigerator (45%), kitchen sink (42%), bathtub (42%), or toilet (10%). For 32% of the residences, there was an overpowering odor from rotten food or animal or human feces. In their sample, 17% of individuals were described as ‘extremely filthy’ and 33% of residences were rated as ‘extremely filthy and dirty’. ![]() focused on cleanliness ratings of the personal appearance and the homes of 62 elderly hoarding individuals. surveyed health department officers in Massachusetts who reported that 38% of their hoarding cases were ‘heavily cluttered with filthy environment, overwhelming’. A few studies have provided more direct indications of squalor in hoarding. (1999) noted that clutter inhibited normal activities of daily living – including personal hygiene. “Research on hoarding has rarely included assessments of severe domestic squalor. There are suggestions that an orbitofrontal brain lesion may lead to such behaviours…while others state that chronic mania symptoms, such as poor insight, can lead to such a condition”. Affected individuals come from any socioeconomic status, but are usually of average or above-average intelligence…It is often associated with other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, mania, and frontotemporal dementia…While no clear etiology exists, it is hypothesized that it may be due to a stress reaction in people with certain pre-morbid personality traits, such as being aloof, or certain personality disorders, such as schizotypal or obsessive compulsive personality disorder. He used to follow some ideas like ‘life according to nature’, ‘self-sufficiency’, ‘freedom from emotion’, ‘lack of shame’, ‘outspokenness’, and ‘contempt for social organization’…The approximate annual incidence of Diogenes is 0.05% in people over the age of 60. Diogenes syndrome named after the Greek philosopher and cynic is a neurobehavioural syndrome characterised by severe domestic squalor, pathological hoarding and lack of insight into the condition, Reference Assal 1 the latter preventing the majority of patients from seeking medical help. He kept his need for clothing and food to a minimum by begging. ![]() “DS is named after the Greek Philosopher “Diogenes of Sinope” (4th century BC) who taught about cynicism philosophy.
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